Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

PCMCIA

PCMCIA: Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, PC Memory Card International Association of aircraft stands , is a more than 300 member companies of the international standards organizations and trade associations, the organization founded in 1989 , aims to establish an integrated circuit International standards , improve the interchangeability of mobile computers . This computer requirements , high strength, low energy consumption , small size, and several properties of this very demanding . With the portable computer systems (including notebooks, sub- notebook , handheld and PDA) in the wide application of the requirements for portable expansion devices are increasingly urgent . Prior to the expansion card standard-setting , the computer can be used in peripheral devices ( such as card -type memory and Modem , etc. ) are usually dedicated , not replaced by other manufacturers of similar products. Many devices such as Modem is inserted only a specific type of computer , even though other models produced with the plant can not use . IBM ThinkPad A21 Battery, IBM ThinkPad A22 Battery Typically, these peripheral devices are not designed to be interchangeable with other computers , but as a fixed design , suitable only for initial assembly of the kind of computer . Therefore, we need a common means of extending the search for an industry standard , several card companies founded in the late 80's , " Personal Computer Memory Card International Association "(PCMCIA), provides for the physical design of memory cards , computer Socket design, electrical interface and related software. Develop their own standards , PCMCIA adopted "Japan Electronic Industry Development Association "(JEIDA) some of the design. The two organizations have been working to promote the now called the "PC Card " international standards. In fact , the latest version of the standard has been integrated PCMCIA and JEIDA, so that the compatibility between products has been further improved. PC Card has been used in a variety of occasions , including several types of RAM memory, pre-programmed ROM cards , Modem, sound card, floppy disk controllers, hard drives , CD-ROM and SCSI controllers , Global Positioning System (GPS) card , Data acquisition cards , LAN cards, pagers and so on . Still in the early stages of development , PCMCIA market booming on the show weather . PCMCIA PC card standard to enable various types of computer in use , no matter what it is used in microprocessors . PC cards can not only plug into the computer, can also be used for other digital devices , such as test equipment , digital imaging equipment and industrial controllers. System manufacturers , peripheral manufacturers, retailers and system users can benefit from it. There are currently three types of PC card standard , and their length and width are 85.6 × 54mm2, but not the same thickness : Type I is the first of 3.3mm thick card ; Type Ⅱ will increase the thickness of 5.0mm; Type Ⅲ thickness is further increased to 10.5 mm. For some time , Type I almost only in the memory device applications . Modem and other equipment, but recently have also started to use Type I standards . Type Ⅱ is the most dominant one size , for most of the equipment . Thicker Type Ⅲ cards are mainly used in micro hard disk drive , this drive has become increasingly common. Since these three cards share the same bus connector , so the card can be successfully installed thin to thick card design for the slot . PCMCIA standard has been around for some time , now out to the third edition . Undergone a lot of changes and improvements necessary to meet system and PC card manufacturers changing needs . The development of PCMCIA standard has been completely beyond the scope of the original definition of the memory card , now including the peripheral types are: 1 . memory categories: hard drive , memory card : 2 . Interface class : CDROM / DVD interfaces , and serial port expansion interface card : 3 . Network Communications categories: Ethernet / token card , wireless / infrared LAN cards , Modem cards , ISDN cards, mobile phone cards : 4 . Multimedia : sound cards, as cards , game cards rocker , TV / radio tuner card , video conferencing cards. The earliest version is 1.0, the main criteria established for similar to the existing RAM card as the memory card . An increase of 2.0 to 2.1 version of the " card and slot service "(Card and Socket Servicevices) software specification , ATA and the AIMS standard (ATA is the "AT attachment " short , involving PC card IDE drive interface ; AIMS is " Auto Index Mass Storage "is abbreviated , is a save in the PC Card standard image and multimedia data , typically used for photo / video technology). The latest PCMCIA version of the actual called "PC Card Specification" (PC Card specification ) , sometimes not quite properly referred to as " 3.0 . " This version provides DMA ( direct memory access ) , more high-speed multimedia applications, plug and play , multi-function card and CardBus support. This version also allows the logical voltage of 3.3 V PC card and system design . As the battery-powered devices can save energy , 3.3 V logic levels increasingly popular . PCMCIA standard of each new release , all strive to achieve backward compatibility with older versions . CardBus PCMCIA bus structure on the re- definition and improvement, but still return to the previous 1 and 2 set the standard . The main purpose of CardBus PCMCIA bus is extended to higher speeds , more powerful devices to connect , and provides 32-bit I / O and memory data channel support. It includes a new bus connector shield , and not the CardBus card into the 2.x or older versions of the design of previous generation systems .

PC Sync

PC Sync is an automatic feature that mobile phones and computer connections , many of the project is automatic, such as synchronous memo , tasks , backup, address book , etc. , no one level to find and open the folder to save a lot of time . General random or buy a Bluetooth adapter has a CD-ROM , without synchronization software to find another As the intelligent mobile phone , which includes the functions of more and more information has become increasingly important . To be able to make phone data can be more securely back up, many high-end smart phones or phones with "PC Sync "function , that is, a mobile phone via data cable in the address book , calendar , SMS , pictures, ring tones And other content stored on your computer. Conversely, if your phone fails, the content is lost , you can use the data cable from the PC, the information has been guided back to a backup phone. The time to buy a mobile phone with data line will be sent a CD-ROM , CD-ROM in the software , connect the cable , probably be it, the details of each brand may be different but in general are like this is that PC Tongbu Software , computer data can be synchronized to the phone , in general, to realize PC synchronization software . October 23, 2008 , Microsoft officially launched MSN Mobile MSN 5.0 version , including the Windows Mobile platform supports all major mobile operating systems , including mobile instant messaging service . Microsoft's MSN Mobile MSN 5.0 by the Chinese team for the needs of local users self-development is made , the friends group , custom avatar , self-built M group functions and key in IM file transfer capabilities with PC version of Windows Live Messenger fully integrated synchronization; Meanwhile, the mobile phone a practical MSN 5.0 built-in personalized service to help users easily search the phone around the bus interchange and other practical living.Dell 310-6322 Battery, Dell D5318 Battery,

PC operating system in the past , present and future

I believe that many ordinary users like me, come into contact with the first operating system is Microsoft's DOS. Since then , with the DRDOS and a number of competitors, sadly early exit , a history of PC operating system , basically the history of Microsoft's operating system . Although , from DOS to November 9 this year, will release Windows XP ( Simplified Chinese) , command hundreds of thousands of Taiwanese PC running the operating system after several major changes , has been " beyond recognition " , but it gives the entire PC industry Brought several "change" , we easily see that these changes are reflected back , and there were not caused by strong customer-oriented motivation .

In the past : the victory of Windows

In 1981, for the IBM PC operating system MS DOS 1.0 package was born , and since then , to the last century, the early 90s until the end of the 6.11 version of the vast majority of the user's PC is running on the operating system of this character interface . Who had to go through that will probably not forget that To Break DOS, professional knowledge of English , fingering skilled indispensable , otherwise , run into the "File Not Found" and other tips , the average user really will not know What to do. Although the " interface simple but exciting "in Windows 1.0 in 1983 and successfully developed, in 1987 Microsoft launched a Windows2.0 version , it now seems , Windows of the two earlier versions , despite the introduction of graphical interfaces , but restricted The hardware at that time , more a kind of " technology demonstration "nature . In 1990 , Windows3.0 , and has introduced version 3.1 , triggered a PC operating system is the first real revolution in the history . At this time , Windows although only DOS on a " shell "and can not run alone , but as more and more ISV development in Windows, more and more application software , graphical interface , WYSIWYG , mouse Reflected the advantages of starting operation . Meanwhile , in addition to the user interface more considerate attitude , in the kernel , Microsoft has been doing a lot of hands and feet , ready to maintain compatibility with the original as the first consideration of the operating system kernel outside the " stove " , a new R & D 32-bit operating system , free from the fetters of DOS . To this end, Microsoft is the company dedicated to the original DEC VMS operating system, the main R & D " dig " featuring over responsibility . Hard work pays off , in 1993 , including both server and workstation versions of Windows NT 3.11 officially available . Looking back on history , "NT" represents , it may not just "new technology "(New Technology), but more of a revolution in the history of PC operating systems . Since then, Microsoft's PC operating system, start the one hand, according to family / personal users and business / office needs of different users into the two go hand in hand ; the other hand, specifically for the needs of business users of different sizes , operating system, Microsoft's business is divided into a Workstation , Server Edition and other versions , to better into enterprise applications . When Windows 2000 came later , more " Datacenter Edition "(Date Center Server) to happen.

Now : Meeting the experience of the times HP Presario 2100 Battery(compaq 2100 Battery),

And had a relatively good compared to NT kernel , came out in 1995, Windows 95, published almost simultaneously with the Intel Pentium processor , completely out of character in the DOS interface, the same time , but because that era of Wintel systems in operation System and the entire PC industry, triggered a new revolution. Same graphical interface , mainly for home and personal entertainment and general office use Windows 95, customer-oriented to achieve the goal of a big step , "Start" menu of the introduction of Plug and Play (PnP) function implementation Mainstream multimedia devices support , DirectX programming interface allows the emergence of ... ... the PC equipped with Windows 95 is no longer established for office , but for the first time from the meet "consumer "demand point of view , to embrace the ordinary user . In addition , it is worth mentioning that since version from Windows 95 OSR2 , IE browser into the operating system started together . Do not underestimate the integration , which led directly to one started by the Netscape browser, the company's slump , on the other hand several times to make Microsoft a " monopoly " of suspects to court . After Windows 95 , Microsoft has released Windows 98, Windows 98 SE and Windows ME 3 for families and individual users PC operating system ; in the field of commercial operating system , after Windows NT 3.11 , Microsoft have released Windows NT 3.5,4.0 two generations of the operating system , and using NT 4.0 on Windows 95 has been fully proven and mature user interface. In those years , Microsoft's two major operating system family can be said to perform their duties , Windows 9X family is responsible for verify new user interface and other ease of use features , while the NT Series is pure 32-bit kernel in the stability and reliability Of enterprise-class features such as work hard , during every upgrade , the results are basically two families had to use a cross . However, the coexistence of these two product lines position , to the Windows 2000 release , has become merged . Although Microsoft has withdrawn the "Windows 98 is the last generation to play a DOS operating system, branded " the prophecy , released a Windows ME, but not difficult to see , with the Windows 98 era of the important applications of the dual operating system, Windows 98/NT Certification, compared with NT, absorb more " consumer customers " needs Windows 2000 Professional, has been basically stable kernel in consumer applications and strike a balance between the needs to the next generation of Windows XP, "Unified" , laid a solid foundation. Started in 2001, in the upcoming Windows XP, a high degree of customer -oriented interface and functional design applications compared to the industry unveiled a revolutionary new software design , at a press view, this revolution was first reflected in the interface style The new changes , but more importantly, are embodied in software design and function of the packaging. Here is a simple example , as is the Plug and Play digital cameras and automatic recognition, but suggest that the previous Windows found a new hardware , get the user to open the " My Computer " , find the new hardware found , then the associated operation; and according to XP 's design ,当Windows found a new digital camera Charu system , it than simply identifying it as a "Memory " , Ershigenju insert a digital camera or digital She Xiangji , prompts the user to simply "save" file , or to edit , store and distribute via e-mail , further , in the email , the system prompts the user to a different compression ratio in accordance with the existing bandwidth file transfer needs How much time ... ... can be said to constantly consider the user experience. We believe that with the launch of Windows XP , our software will follow from the " application " of the times into a true "experience "(XP) of the times . In which to lead the charge , is the Microsoft Office XP family of their own office suite .

Next :. NET world Hp laptop battery

In accordance with Microsoft's plans in the industry and users on the Windows XP " shocking appearance "fully familiar with , the next step , emphasis will be introduced across the board . NET products , said a little more precision is . NET services . With Windows ME and Windows XP have built in the " system self-healing "and" System Restore "and contain . NET concept of function than in extensive use of XML , the real . NET services , Microsoft will have the ability to Software in the form of a service provided to clients in need ; the other hand ,. NET strategy under the guidance of a new generation of operating system, will support , including PC , including all kinds of intelligent terminals ; What is more ,. NET strategy and Technology makes to the network center for home Pc to P to P calculations based Home Network ( home network ) environment and the market gradually . By that time , potential users will no longer be concerned about which operating system is being used , but who can offer better service. Reporters that " should be used invisible , but everywhere , " Maybe the operating system or application software will be the final destination .